MOSCOW, May 24, Pavel Surkov. Replacing foreign words with Russian ones is one of the most discussed topics, primarily in connection with the adoption by the State Duma of the relevant amendments to the law on language. Is it possible to find analogues, or are there still terms that have become too deeply rooted in the fabric of native speech, in the material on the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.
Let's say «mayor» seems to be an almost familiar (French) word. But even in the official title, it has long been customary to call a city official «the head of the municipality.» Here comes the original word.
True, it's not very clear what to do with the «municipality». During the discussion of the amendments, the deputies mentioned that there is a replacement — «self-government», but lawyers-specialists may be outraged here. For them, this word does not always have a direct meaning, it is often interpreted as part of delegated authority. data-crop-ratio=»0.652644996813257″ data-crop-width=»600″ data-crop-height=»392″ data-source-sid=»rian_photo» class=»lazyload» width=»1920″ height=»1253 » decoding=»async» />
President: unique and irreplaceable
By the way, there was a rather extensive discussion with another French word — «president». Should it be changed to, say, «head of state».
So far, most commentators are unanimous that the position, due to its uniqueness, should be devoid of resemblance to other managerial ranks.
Referendum: veche or vote?
But there are other terms, say, «referendum» (of Latin origin) — also an important word that has a completely understandable analogue, albeit not monosyllabic: «popular vote».
The deputies proposed to recall the word «veche». But rather, this is how the processes of discussing new laws in parliament should be called (French borrowing, in Russian they immediately found an analogue in the form of a thought). jpg» media-type=»photo» data-crop-ratio=»0.648101265822785″ data-crop-width=»600″ data-crop-height=»389″ data-source-sid=»rian_photo» class=»lazyload» width=»1920″ height=»1244″ decoding=»async» />
By the way, the «constitution» has an analogue — the device. And the «federation» is also a union.
Chapter II of the Organization of the Russian Union sounds in Russian. 
Order: not orders, but agency
The search for analogues was also carried out by Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, the creator of the Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language. It was he who drew attention to the fact that some naming conventions gradually begin to die out in speech and are replaced by new ones, including those that came from foreign languages.
In many respects, of course, this was due to state reforms (transformations, if you replace the words with Russian ones) — under the same Peter I, the word «order» gradually disappeared from use (or rather, its meaning, which belonged to a body of state administration), but «collegia» and the «ministries» familiar to us today appeared.
Diamond and kitchen: the answer is on the surface
Yes, and in everyday life — we no longer remember the word «cook» and say a much more familiar «kitchen». But what was called «colorless» or «sparkling», few people will guess, although the diamond was meant. 
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Diver: he dives after all
Diving is a fashionable entertainment of our time. In Russian, the analogue of «diving» does not sound very nice, but «diver» is even majestic.
The word «manager» is actively used in speech, but not as widely as it could, because the Latin «director» can be replaced by it. 
By the way, another profession — a linguist — definitely needs a Russian analogue. For example, a linguist Just like a merchandiser — a merchandiser (in Soviet times, the word was actively used in everyday life and official documents). In general, the lexeme «ved» can be replaced by everything that has a «log»: a sociologist is a social scientist, a biologist is a naturalist, and a lawyer can be called a jurist.
You can add a businessman to the list of professions — after all, he is a businessman. 
< h3 id="1873585085-7">Banking: get rid of loans
It is clearly impossible to get rid of the word «bank»: there are no analogues in the language, and this term is universal for many countries of the world. But everything related to credit (and debit) has a replacement.
These words, respectively, are a loan and an expense. The creditor is the lender, the debtor is the debtor. 
In the store: great variety
We love stores with a wide range, although we often use the word «variety» in the language — it can replace another French borrowing.
At sales (by the way, the word is from Old Russian) you can often hear «liquidation», but this is «destruction»!
In the car shop we are looking for «detail», must — «particle» or «part». 
Look outside: catch the moment
Of course, in Russian you can find analogues of any borrowings or come up with new words. The phrase «Look at the horizon: seize the moment» will sound like «Look beyond the eye: seize the moment.»
Lovers of riding will go to the lists, not to the hippodrome. The coffin with the body will not be transported in a hearse, but on a drogue. An egoist can be safely called a self-lover. The doctor should not complain about the symptoms, but the signs. And so on. 
Dal's excuse: a living language
Dal was absolutely right when he called his creation the dictionary of a living language that is constantly changing, while maintaining national identity. Some words find a new meaning or blend perfectly with those that came from a foreign language, such as «nature» or «nature».
Let's not talk about nautical or sports terms — here you can’t do without borrowing from Dutch or English: it’s unlikely that any of us will want to watch the broadcast of kickball (football) competitions.