Experts have revealed the best international practices that need to be applied so that citizens can avoid «living in the matrix»
Artificial intelligence is the oldest technology in the world, the first mention of which was found in Isaac Asimov more than 80 years ago. The total investment in artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in the world will reach $300 billion by 2026, according to the consulting company IDC. Banks and retail spend the most on developments in this area.
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In Russia, there is no special regulation of AI technologies, as was done, for example, in the EU, where the world's first systemic supranational law in this area came into force on August 1. At the same time, legislative regulation of the entire process of AI operation may not be the only right step today, but closing individual issues that arise during the operation of AI is necessary.
Recommendations for regulating the AI sector in Russia, which, on the one hand, should not stop the development of technology, and on the other hand, close key risks, were developed by the Russian Center for Competence and Analysis of Standards of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) of the Presidential Academy. These are risks associated with false accusations, discrimination, social engineering, phishing.
From 2022 to 2024, against the backdrop of international sanctions, the cost of developing AI services in Russia increased by 30-40%. Cooperation between domestic specialists and large foreign companies stopped: a total of 174 IT companies from unfriendly countries left Russia. However, this did not come as a shock to the industry. At the same time, state support for AI technologies increased. Budget financing in 2022 amounted to 7.1 billion rubles, the volume of purchases by state corporations was 1.1 billion rubles. According to the forecast of Dmitry Chernyshenko, Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation in charge of IT, thanks to the introduction of AI technologies in our country in various sectors, GDP will grow by 6% by 2030. By this time, Russia should enter the top 5 countries in the world «by key AI metrics».
It is important to objectively assess the negative impact of AI: the growth of disinformation in society; the growth of market power of individual market participants; growth of economic and social inequality; growth of discrimination, violations of the right to privacy.
The Russian Center for Competence and Analysis of OECD Standards of the Presidential Academy, headed by Antonina Levashenko, called for closing the key risks of using AI. Based on the best international practices, they identified four areas for which it is very important to create regulation in Russia.
Firstly, it is necessary to create a categorization of AI systems according to the degree of risk for the user in order to establish different degrees of control over certain types of AI. Thus, technologies have already been created and are operating that have a high risk for human health, their safety and respect for the basic rights of citizens — for example, facial recognition systems, management of critical infrastructures, personnel, etc.
Secondly, it is necessary to ensure that AI technology providers meet the following requirements: transparency (the ability to get acquainted with the mechanism of AI operation), explainability (the ability to understand why the AI system produced a specific result), reliability and safety (resistance to external influences and measures to prevent damage), etc.
Thirdly, it is very important to stipulate in legislation the requirements for labeling content created using a separate type of AI – generative. Their absence increases the risks of spreading deep fakes and increasing social tension.
Fourth, it is recommended to establish requirements at the legislative level to clearly inform users about interaction with AI systems and how this AI system works, as well as provide citizens with an easily enforceable right to refuse such interactions. This will further protect the personal data of Russians, according to experts from the Presidential Academy.