MOSCOW, June 23Russian doctors, scientists, developers and inventors are creating more and more new ways to help patients, especially with various severe injuries. For example, they invented a prosthetic hand that can press the screen of a smartphone, a graft that helps the body regenerate bone tissue on its own, and a nose dilator that allows a person to breathe properly. A list of the 10 most interesting medical inventions was compiled by Rospatent for.
Ilya Chekh invented a hand prosthesis for interacting with a capacitive touch screen of an electronic device. As explained in Rospatent, this invention helps to use a smartphone and similar equipment without contact of the electrically conductive pad with the skin.
«In connection with the widespread use of smartphones and other technology with touch screens, the issue of interaction between people with an upper limb prosthesis and such technology is relevant. Known solutions have a number of disadvantages due to the need for contact of the electrically conductive pad with the skin, which can lead to incorrect operation of the touch screen due to weakening or loss of contact with the skin. The proposed solution allows manipulations when working with touch screens without the need to maintain contact between the electrically conductive pad and the skin,» the department explained.
Another invention will help people with hearing injuries — both children and adults — with damage to the middle ear: this is an implant as a prosthesis of the auditory ossicles to replace damaged parts of the middle ear. Its authors are Isa Mukhamedov, Dmitry Tetyukhin, Leonid Krasheninnikov, Elena Shevchik, Valery Svistushkin, Galina Nikiforova and Eghine Varosyan.
Doctors Evgeny Fedotov and Nikolai Zagorodniy have created a set of metal implants with auxiliary polymer products for the surgical treatment of severe injuries and consequences of injuries of the shoulder joint with traumatic loss of glenoid bone mass using reverse total prosthetics. It is clarified that this solution is «a set that includes an individual metal implant of the patient's scapula region made of titanium alloy, as well as fitting models of the articular process of the scapula and the articular cavity, made using 3D printing technology based on virtual simulation of the process of implantation of the prosthetic element.»
Another invention that helps with the loss of a brush was patented by Mikhail Kollerov, Dmitry Gusev and Roman Vinogradov. This is a functional and cosmetic prosthesis of the hand, in the polymer matrix of which, repeating the shape and appearance of the organ, there is a reinforcing frame that allows you to freely change the shape of the hand. It provides flexion and extension of the fingers, rotation in the wrist joint, and also allows you to hold objects. It is specified that in the bent position of the hand, the prosthesis holds a load weighing up to three kilograms.
Aleksey Kovalev, Candidate of Medical Sciences, has created a transplant that makes it possible to restore the integrity of large bone tissue defects by using the bone marrow of a healthy limb, which is immersed in a cellular environment for bone tissue growth. The bone marrow is subjected to original processing and placed in a bone defect. Implantation of this design provides reliable contact between the bone marrow graft and the bone defect, accelerating the restoration of bone integrity.
Seven neurosurgeons at once — Andrey Grin, Alexander Peyker, Vladimir Guly, Soslan Torchinov, Mikhail Safronov, Anton Borzenko and the head of the Moscow City Spinal Neurosurgical Center GKB67 named after. L. A. Vorokhobova Dmitry Dzukaev — patented a method for fixing an interspinous implant in degenerative diseases of the spine. Their invention makes it possible to increase the stability of the spine while maintaining its mobility, to exclude the displacement and migration of the implant during various physical activity of a person, and also to eliminate pain in the postoperative period as soon as possible. This is achieved due to the location of the implant between the processes of the vertebrae and its original fixation with tapes to the anatomical formations of the vertebrae.
A whole group was also involved in the creation of an individual intranasal device to improve nasal breathing and the development of a method for its manufacture: Andrey Kryukov, Natalia Kunelskaya, Anna Tovmasyan, Alexander Chisinau, Maria Polyaeva, Nikita Shvedov and Vladislav Mosin from the Research Clinical Institute of Otorhinolaryngology named after. L. I. Sverzhevsky. The patented device is made based on individual medical images of the user's nose, so that when it is placed in the vestibule of the organ, the lumen for air flow expands. It is emphasized that the shape of the device, taking into account the anatomical parameters of the nasal cavity of a particular patient, reduces the risk of discomfort and irritation in the vestibule of the nose and contributes to good tolerance of the intranasal device.
The Siberian Research and Testing Center for Medical Equipment, represented by its director Dmitry Belik, Nikolai Storozhev and Alexander Shekalov, has patented a «retractor for surgical operations in the abdominal and thoracic cavities with automated formation of the shape of the surgical wound.» This will allow surgeons to facilitate access to the organ on which the operation is performed. «The process of dilution of the wound edges is associated with the risk of tissue injury. The patented device reduces the risk of tissue damage by automatically moving the working parts of the device to dilute and hold the edges of the wound,» Rospatent explained.
At the National University of Science and Technology MISIS, a hand-held stand-alone two-component bioprinting device for the treatment of wound surfaces and a method for applying a coating on a wound surface with a hand-held stand-alone device have been invented. It is emphasized that during emergencies and combat operations in the field, there is a need to quickly stop bleeding and seal wounds. «The devices used in such conditions must be mobile and compact. This invention allows you to quickly stop bleeding and create a protective film on the surface of the wound using a mobile device that combines three functions — the function of supplying a suspension of cellular material to the wound for rapid tissue healing; the function of supplying to the wound anti-inflammatory and antibacterial substances and the function of cross-linking cell suspension and drugs with the formation of a dense protective film,» Rospatent said.
A method for the surgical treatment of congenital rupture of the aortic arch in infants and newborns was invented by Alexei Kim, Alexei Chernogrivov, Inessa Nefedova, Alexander Yesayan, Anatoly Tagaev from the National Medical Research Center for Cardiovascular Surgery. A.N. Bakulev. As explained in Rospatent, the original technique of the operation makes it possible to eliminate the narrowing of the aortic arch with its large length and ensure normal blood circulation through the use of the patient's own tissues of the pulmonary artery and a vascular graft from the patient's tissue. «The use of this method makes it possible to form a «new» aortic arch of the required length and diameter, give the aortic arch the necessary anatomical curvature, prevent compression of adjacent organs and avoid reoperation,» they noted.
«The field of medicine has firmly entered our lives. We have begun to pay more attention to health issues, preventive measures. Therefore, it has already become a good tradition for Rospatent to choose the ten best medical inventions. I am sure that watching amazing discoveries, the development of modern technologies will be informative and It is important to note that this rating includes both proven masters of domestic medicine — the Bakulev Center, the Sverzhevsky Institute — and young developers, «said Yury Zubov, head of Rospatent.